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Afterwards, there may a corresponding decrease in the mortality rate as the already compromised animals have died during the episode. During a disease outbreak for instance, there is often an excess mortality rate in the population, affecting susceptible animals. Mortality displacement describes a shift in mortality rate over time in a given population due to some known environmental problem such as a disease outbreak or water quality problem. One group of Hass’s garden eels imported from a dealer in Japan (where they had been kept in a deep sand tank and acclimated to captivity prior to sale) did much better, with a mortality rate of around 30%, despite having been shipped from Japan to the United States. If the eel has been languishing in a dealer’s aquariums for many weeks, (possibly being held in a small container so that it cannot burrow) it may be suffering from subsequently fatal malnutrition (Hemdal 2007). The condition of the animal upon its arrival is vitally important.
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Even public aquariums may commonly experience mortality rates of over 75% during the first year with this species, yet well-acclimated fish can then live on for dozens of years (Hemdal 2006). The Hass’s garden eel, ( Heteroconger hassi) is the most commonly seen garden eel, and probably the hardiest, yet the mortality rate for garden eels casually placed into standard fish-only or mini-reef systems will be virtually 100% in the first six months. Mortality rates of captive fishes can of course be influenced by how they are handled during collection and shipping, before they even reach the end-consumer. European cuttlefish tend to survive less than 15 months tropical banded octopus may live less than one year, while the giant Pacific octopus lives around three years in captivity. The issue with invertebrates is further complicated by colonial invertebrates, where part of the colony may die, but the aquarist is able to take a cutting of a healthy portion and start a new colony – how do you then predict these “partial mortality” events? Cephalopods are invertebrates with better known life spans – always shorter than the aquarist would like, but that is due to their naturally short life spans. Certainly, invertebrates experience mortality in captivity, but less is known about their natural longevity. This article speaks mostly to the mortality rate of captive fishes. One unconfirmed report from the 1980’s stated that the average length of time that a person stayed in the marine aquarium hobby was about nine months – due in large part to It is probable, that as new aquarists, their fish will experience a higher than normal mortality rate, yet even a few fish losses early on, can cause some of them enough frustration that they soon leave the hobby. Some new aquarists have unrealistic expectations of the mortality rates of their fishes. Examining the mortality rate of fishes in captivity can also offer insight into the relative ability of the available husbandry methods to support aquatic life. This mortality can be managed by preferentially acquiring certain species while avoiding others. All aquarists will lose animals some will lose more than others. Try to think of this topic as a necessary evil, to truly understand the living aquatic animals in our care, we need to also be able to monitor and control their mortality as best we can. For example, if you have a population of 100 fish in captivity and 10 of them die in one year, the mortality rate may not be 10% per year (as might be imagined) because the remaining 90% of the fish are still alive, and since they have yet to die, you do not know for certain if the mortality rate will increase or decrease for the next and subsequent years. The converse is also true, examining the mortality rate of a group of captive animals, in which a portion of the population is still alive is very difficult. If the time span is beyond the animal’s maximum life span, then the mortality rate would obviously be 100%. Of course, this statement was designed to get people to understand that the term “mortality rate” is a function of the number of deaths in a population over time. A prominent zoo biologist once said, “The mortality rate for any animal in a zoo is 100%”. This article has a not very fun or uplifting topic death, specifically the mortality rate of fishes in captivity.